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     Juerg Senior Member Username: Juerg Post Number: 2417 Registered: 04-2006 |
Here some info n a regular question: Where are teh studies . 1. Respiratory Muscle Endurance Training in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Impact on Exercise Capacity, Dyspnea, and Quality of Life THOMAS A. SCHERER, CHRISTINA M. SPENGLER, DOMINIK OWASSAPIAN, EDELBERT IMHOF, and URS BOUTELLIER Department of Internal Medicine, Triemli Hospital, Zurich, and Department of Exercise Physiology, Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Switzerland Inspiratory muscle training may have beneficial effects in certain patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Because of the lack of a home training device, normocapnic hyperpnea has rarely been used as a training mode for patients with COPD, and is generally considered unsuitable to large-scale application. To study the effects of hyperpnea training, we randomized 30 patients with COPD and ventilatory limitation to respiratory muscle training (RMT; n 5 15) with a new portable device or to breathing exercises with an incentive spirometer (controls; n 5 15). Both groups trained twice daily for 15 min for 5 d per week for 8 wk. Training-induced changes were significantly greater in the RMT than in the control group for the following variables: respiratory muscle endurance measured through sustained ventilation ( 1 825 6 170 s [mean 6 SEM] versus 2 27 6 61 s, p , 0.001), inspiratory muscle endurance measured through incremental inspiratory threshold loading ( 1 58 6 10 g versus 1 21.7 6 9.5 g, p 5 0.016), maximal expiratory pressure ( 1 20 6 7 cm H 2 O versus 2 6 6 6 cm H 2 O, p 5 0.009), 6-min walking distance ( 1 58 6 11 m versus 1 11 6 11 m, p 5 0.002), O 2peak ( 1 2.5 6 0.6 ml/kg/min versus 2 0.3 6 0.9 ml/kg/min, p 5 0.015), and the SF-12 physical component score ( 1 9.9 6 2.7 versus 1 1.8 6 2.4, p 5 0.03). Changes in dyspnea, maximal inspiratory pressure, treadmill endurance, and the SF-12 mental component score did not differ significantly between the RMT and control groups. In conclusion, home-based respiratory muscle endurance training with the new device used in this study is feasible and has beneficial effects in subjects with COPD and ventilatory limitation.." 2." OPTIMAL INTENSITY FOR RESPIRATORY MUSCLE ENDURANCE TRAINING IN PATIENTS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY Gabi Mueller, MS1, Claudio Perret, PhD2 and Christina M. Spengler, PhD MD3 From the 1Swiss Paraplegic Research, Institute for Sports Medicine, 2Swiss Paraplegic Research, Institute for Clinical Research, Nottwil and 3Exercise Physiology, Institute for Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, and Institute of Physiology and Center for Integrative Human Physiology (CIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Objective: Respiratory muscle endurance of able-bodied persons, assessed by normocapnic hyperpnoea at 70% of their maximal voluntary ventilation, usually ranges from 10 to 20 minutes. The aim of this study was to determine the level of ventilation that patients with paraplegia and tetraplegia can sustain for 1020 minutes to later be used as the guideline for respiratory muscle endurance training. Design: Pilot study; cross-over setting. Subjects: Two groups, 8 patients with paraplegia and 6 with tetraplegia. Methods: Respiratory muscle endurance tests were performed at 3 different intensities of normocapnic hyperpnoea, i.e. 20%, 40% and 60% maximal voluntary ventilation. Subjects performed partial re-breathing from a bag to assure normocapnia. Respiratory endurance was separately analysed for patients with paraplegia and tetraplegia. Results: Mean respiratory endurance times were 46.0, 18.9 and 4.2 minutes at 20%, 40% and 60% maximal voluntary ventilation in patients with tetraplegia and 51.8, 38.8 and 12.2 minutes in patients with paraplegia. The duration differed significantly at 60% maximal voluntary ventilation between the groups. Conclusion: Minute ventilation to perform respiratory muscle endurance training can be set at around 40% of maximal voluntary ventilation for patients with tetraplegia and around 60% of maximal voluntary ventilation for patients with paraplegia, as these levels can be sustained for 1020 minutes. Key words: Respiration, breathing exercises, maximal voluntary ventilation, spinal cord injuries." 3." Effects of respiratory muscle endurance training on wheelchair racing performance in athletes with paraplegia: a pilot study. Müller G, Perret C, Hopman MTE Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland Clin J Sports Med (2008), 18: 85 - 88 Objective Respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) has been shown to improve both respiratory muscle and cycling exercise endurance in able-bodied subjects. Since effects of RMET on upper extremity exercise performance have not yet been investigated, we evaluated the effects of RMET on 10-km time-trial performance in wheelchair racing athletes. Design Pilot study, controlled before and after trial. Participants 12 competitive wheelchair racing athletes. Interventions The training group performed 30 sessions of RMET for 30 min each. The control group did no respiratory muscle training. Main Outcome and Measurements Differences in 10-km time-trial performance pre- versus postintervention. Results In the training group, the time of the 10-km time-trial decreased significantly from before versus after intervention (27.1 +/- 9.0 vs. 24.1 +/- 6.6 min); this did not occur in the control group (23.3 +/- 2.8 vs. 23.2 +/- 2.4 min). No between groups difference was present (P = 0.150). Respiratory muscle endurance increased significantly within the training group (9.1 +/- 7.2 vs. 39.9 +/- 17.8 min) and between groups, but not within the control group (4.3 +/- 2.9 vs. 6.6 +/- 7.0 min) before versus after intervention. Conclusion There was a strong trend, with a large observed effect size of d = 0.87, towards improved performance in the 10-km time-trial after 6 weeks of RMET." 4.Influence of endurance exercise on respiratory muscle performance CLAUDIO PERRET, CHRISTINA M. SPENGLER, GINETTE EGGER, and URS BOUTELLIER Exercise Physiology, Institute for Human Movement Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich and Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, SWITZERLAND ABSTRACT PERRET, C., C. M. SPENGLER, G. EGGER, and U. BOUTELLIER. Influence of endurance exercise on respiratory muscle performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 32, No. 12, 2000, pp. 2052–2058. Purpose: During high-intensity, exhaustive, constant-load exercise above 85% of maximal oxygen consumption, the diaphragm of healthy subjects can fatigue. Although a decrease in trans-diaphragmatic pressure is the most objective measure of diaphragmatic fatigue, possible extra-diaphragmatic muscle fatigue would not be detected by this method. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of exhaustive, constant-load cycling exercise at different intensities on global respiratory performance determined by the time to exhaustion while breathing against a constant resistance. Methods: Ten healthy, male subjects performed an exhaustive cycling endurance test at 65, 75, 85, and 95% of peak oxygen consumption (Vÿ O2peak). Before cycling (t0) as well as at 10 min (t10) and 45 min (t45) after cycling, respiratory performance was determined. Results: Breathing endurance was equivalently reduced after exhaustive cycling at either 65% (8.4 6 4.1 min [t0] vs 3.9 6 2.8 min [t10]), 75% (9.9 6 6.1 vs 4.4 6 2.8 min), 85% (9.3 6 6.0 vs 3.8 6 2.9 min), or 95% Vÿ O2peak (8.5 6 5.1 vs 4.0 6 2.5 min) and, therefore, was independent of exercise intensity. Conclusion: This result contradicts previous findings, possibly due to the fact that extra-diaphragmatic muscles are tested in addition" |